African American Gay Rights Essay

I cannot begin to argue about African American/Hispanic LGBT, living in New York City and their civil rights without remembering the public outcry against black civil rights. Although the focus of this paper is on African American/Hispanic LGBT living in New York City and Their Rights to Marriage I have decided to start my paper of by discussing the civil rights movement of the 1960’s. The civil rights movement of the 1960’s and the continuing struggle against race-based discrimination were rooted in the struggle against slavery. As early as the eighteen hundreds the United States legislative had laws known as segregation laws that limited certain freedom to them. They had to live in separate neighborhood, attend separate schools, drive in the back of public buses verses in the front where Whites were; African American would not dare go against these laws back then because if and when they did, they were unjustly imprisoned, beaten lynched and more for just trying to exercise human rights. In the 1960s African Americans led a fight to remove the legally codified vestiges of slavery from our constitution and from state and local laws. Most repulsive among these, were Jim Crow laws that required racial segregation; African Americans had to endure all these things until The Civil Rights Movement. The modern concept of civil rights was pioneered by African Americans in their long struggle to become full citizens of the United States. From the Civil Rights Movement to the Stonewall Riots of 1969 to May 17, 2004, the LGBTQ movement has made some tremendous gains into mainstream society, a reality that has not been afforded to African Americans. The African American Civil Rights Movement gave birth to many other civil rights movements in the 1960s. African Americans not only made new law, their success gave new hope. Among the many efforts sparked by the African American Civil Rights Movements were the efforts to end discrimination against women, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and Asian Americans, people with disabilities and lesbians and gays. Some African American still has one more river to cross because now African American LGBT are fighting a new civil war, the fight for same sex marriage; the right to be legally married. Currently, marriage has two distinct components: civil marriage and the religious ritual of marriage. Mixed-gender couples can have a civil marriage without the religious ceremony/ritual. Couples can have a religious ceremony/ritual, without a civil marriage. Some couples can choose both. However, to receive the legal protections of marriage, a couple must have a civil marriage, which is the only marriage that can be addressed by courts or legislatures. The LBGT believe that the rights and legal protections of civil marriage that are given to mixed-gender couples and families should also be extended to couples and families who are headed by same-gender couples. These include the rights of survivorship, inheritance, insurance, joint income tax filing, and a myriad of rights that many mixed-gender couples take for granted. For African American LGBT, state regulation has been particularly harsh. State sodomy law has had a way of preventing LGBT from acquiring some of the rights they are entitle to. Today, fewer than half the state has sodomy laws. LGBT recognizes New York City for being the birth place for many modern gay movements; however, New York has not yet passed any law giving LGBT legal protection and political support, (right to marriage being on of them). New York State gay rights bill, first introduced in 1971, still has not become law. While other states, like Vermont has established civil unions for LGBT, New York has not. Andy Humm writes that the biggest gay-related debate throughout the country right now is over government sanction of same-sex elationships. Vermont has gone the furthest, establishing â€Å"civil unions† for gay couples that confer almost all of the rights to which a married man and woman are entitled, though stopping short of full legal marriage. New Yorkers may travel to Vermont for the civil ceremony as of July 1, but there is some question as to what legal weight it will carry back home. The federal government enacted the â€Å"Defense of Marriage Act† (DOMA) in 1996 when it looked as if Hawaii might give same-sex couples marriage licenses. It barred federal recognition of legal same-sex marriages performed in any state and gave the other states the right not to honor such a contract. Thirty-two states have passed laws barring recognition of same-sex marriages performed in other states, even though no state or nation allows gay couples to obtain a marriage license. (Holland will likely be the first in 2001. ) A New York version of the Defense of Marriage Act is pending in Albany, but has not had a vote in either chamber. Bibliography Diane Silver et al. , The New Civil War: The Lesbian and Gay Struggle For Civil Rights (New York; New York:1997), 25-26 Andy Humm, â€Å"The State of gay rights in New York,† Available http://www. gothamgazette. com/iotw/gayrights/ (Accessed May 16, 2005).

Let’s start with Africa, book rerort Essay

The Caribbean is a distinct civilization made up of a range of culture, tradition and religious practices. In the Caribbean there are a number of books written by Caribbean authors that attempt to give insight into the way of life of Caribbean people. Let us start with Africa Foundations of Rastafarian scholarships is one such book that delves into the sphere of Rastafarianism. Let us start with Africa: Foundations of Rastafari scholarship is based on the commemoration on the inaugural Rastafari Studies Conference, held in August 2010. It provides significant unpublished work of the past fifty years of Rastafarianism. The book was edited by Jahlani Niaah: a lecturer in cultural and Rastafari studies, institute for Caribbean studies at the University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica, where he also coordinates the Rastafari studies unit and Erin MacLeod: a teacher at Vanier College in Montreal, Canada, and has served as a postdoctoral fellow at the University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica. The editors aim is â€Å"the text meant to both commemorate and celebrate scholars and practitioners of Rastafari- our aim is to demonstrate not only a range of thinking about the movement but the ways in which the movement, a movement which takes reasoning as a key practice, has encouraged reasoning about itself, the Pan African community and the international African presence’. The main contributors to the collection are: Mortimo Planno, Roy Augier, Barry  Chevannes and Rex Nettleford. Various social, political and historical issues were highlighted in the book. Consequently this paper will seek to discuss the issues that appealed to me intellectually as well as emotionally; gender disparity, repatriation and the role of reggae within the Rastafarian Diaspora. Rastafarianism is a male dominated movement that reflects gender differences. This is enforced by various rules and practices that perpetuate a woman’s subordination and inferiority to men. For example the Nyabinghi practices tend to reinforce the patriarchal orientation to the Rastafari movement. Males dominate binghi proceedings in their roles as drummers, priests and keepers of the binghi fires. Furthermore, women are not allowed to take part in the communal ritual of reasoning: a context defined as sacred by the Rastafari. This was the context in which the brethren prayed, in which elders coined ideology, in which new members were socialized, and through which all sought the inspiration of the divine. The reasoning ritual is a key aspect of the Rastafari and the fact that women are excluded from this important ritual is endemic of the minute role women play in the larger issues of the Rastafari movement and undercuts generally their involvement in the faith. In addition to being excluded from significant rituals within the movement, a woman dress code is dictated by the men within the faith. For instance, women heads must be covered so that her locks are not exposed as a sign of modesty and obedience to her husband or Kingman. Also her clothing must cover her shoulders and extends to the mid calf or ankle. These forms speak to symbolic subordination in the understanding that a woman’s path to Jah is always through a man. It is ironic that Rastafarianism as such a socially conscious movement dealing with the horrors of oppression and exploitation of blacks faced under the British colonial rule would invoke this kind of injustice and superiority over the women of the faith. Under British rule women were seen as unproductive and therefore paid lower wages to that of their counterparts. They were also seen as child bearers and were considered to be financial liability. It is inconceivable to me that women today are faced with the same indignities proposed to them of† Massa’ days by black men who have experience the struggle first hand to reduce to the same ideology. In my opinion women are  being dictated by another form of imperialism through the Rastafari movement. Rastafarian women are as such challenging their roles and demanding greater equality. For example, one of the earliest published statements by a Rastafarian woman critiquing the position of women within Rastafari is that of Maureen Rowe. Central to Rastafarian theology is the notion of repatriation. Thus throughout the book, the issue of and repatriation kept surfacing. Repatriation is physical movement to return to the land of Africa, the new Zion. Repatriation is a theological rather than a political concept. Rastafari attributes to Marcus Garvey the inspiration to look to Africa. In Roy Augier’s keynote lecture, he stated, â€Å"Rastafari began with Africa, from Garvey’s prophetic call to look to the east, to the commitment of early adherents to a newly crowned king in Ethiopia, it is clear that Rastafari begins in Africa†. Not coincidence with the title of the book, Let us start with Africa. The 2010 conference made the connection to Africa as it marked the eighteen anniversary of the coronation of His Imperial Majesty Haile Selassie and the fiftieth anniversary of the landmark publication of the report on the Rastafari movement in Kingston, Jamaica by scholars inclusive of Roy Augier. Repatr iation is a topic that has caused a number of debates. For instance, at the conference Augier describes the need for a strong relationship between the Caribbean and Africa. However his thinking, presents a trajectory that leads not physically but spiritually to Africa within the Caribbean and specifically in Jamaica. This new thinking was a topic of controversy as Augier was challenging one of the fundamental tenets of the movement. Many others regard the Rastafari as unpatriotic and anti-Jamaica because of their asserted Ethiopian identity and the stance they took on repatriation. The topic of repatriation, in my view furthers the notion of Caribbean identity: the histories of displacement brought about by slavery. It is an attempt to reconnect with a â€Å"lost† Africa. The identity with Africa because they were told that’s where they came from and may be wondering to where do they belong. In spite of this though, I believe that if this is their desire to return to their ancestral home it should be considered by the powers responsible for the disconnect between Africa and the Caribbean but more specifically Jamaica. Consideration of repa triation  should also be given as they were not afforded the same opportunity as indentured laborers did in acquiring land or being given the opportunity to return to their land of origin. Many of them stayed in the Caribbean but it was freedom of choice. Therefore the controversy surrounding the issues of repatriation is reflected on the colonial view of Africans. Unquestionably is the role music played on the Rastafari movement? The power in the music is an important part in understanding how Caribbean society is shaped and structured. Many societal thinkers have pointed to the importance of music as representative of the soul of a society. This can be said of the genre Reggae, synonymous with Jamaica and Rastafari. That reflects the lyrics of oppression. The rhythm of reggae occurred from the Ska in the 1950 ‘S, rock steady in the 1960’s and later roots reggae in the 1970’s†¦ Bob Marley gained popularization with his lyrics of redemption, which demonstrates the power of reggae music to fight for human rights, freedom and unity. Reggae music encapsulated the spiritual tone of Rastafarianism and poverty. Reggae music is an important means of transporting the beliefs of Rastafarianism. According to Rex Nettleford, in his writing; From the Cross to the Throne, â€Å"the influence was very strong, and this reflected in t he music. I keep telling people that the music, from ‘Ska’ right through to reggae and I presume dancehall, appropriated the Rastafarian movement not the other way around†. Reggae music was able to perform important persuasive functions, such as recruitment and legitimation of the Rastafarian faith. Furthermore it reconceptualized the notion of Rastafarian from â€Å"criminals† and Drug addicts† to the movement which sought for social change. The musician became the messenger in particularly Bob Marley whose messages was able to cross international borders. Maybe due to the themes of his songs that cut across all aspects of humanity. Reggae evokes a message of universal suffrage, and in doing so spreads a theme of class consciousness to the poor, illiterate and oppressed and a medium through which one can express their discontent. As a social commentary, reggae is a powerful means of attacking what is wrong in Jamaica, as well as the world. The music of Rastafarians is not only an artistic creation in the Jamaican society, but an expression of rejection of the white man’s Babylon. Reggae’s increasingly politicized lyrics addressed Rasta concerns with social and  economic injustice, the rejection of white culture, and the pressures of life in Jamaica. Early reggae artists, such as Jimmy Cliff, Peter tosh brought the message of Rastafarianism into the musical world but it is my opinion that the movement was popularized by Bob Marley. Therefore it is hard to imagine Rastafarianism without reggae and by extension Bob Marley. The contribution made by BOB Marley was delivered by Mortimo Planno in a bush Radio Interview; â€Å"So that was the purpose of having Bob Marley in Trench town, that we use him as our MessenJah who carry the messages around the world that today I can able feh be talking to my brethren and sistren in South Africa†. In writing this paper I discovered a few things. The first is that Rastafarian women have experienced a great deal of denigration and oppression by the male counterparts and women are speaking out on the issue of biases with the movement. Although it has been changing significantly women still have quite a long way to go in order to achieve equality within the movement. However, I am also sympathetic to the fact that the Rasta culture is something that I can never quite understand due to my not being a part of it. I must look at it more objectively and see that many Rasta women finds content in their position and they may find content in this position and feel that it is an integral role to their family life as well as to their community. This leads me to the conclusion that I should not be quick to judge the Rastafarian faith and their beliefs. Despite their negative treatment of woman, Rastafarian has an abundance of positive and socially conscious ethics. These should be preserved . In my own opinion, I feel that those elements of the Rasta faith can be preserved while still allowing woman a more prominent and equal role in the family and community. Another aspect that was discussed was is the issues of repatriation. In the early years of the movements development, one of its tenets were Haile Selassie was the embodiment of Christian divinity(the Black Christ or Black Messiah) and the entire African race shared in his divinity; and there would be a mystic return to the African homeland(known as Repatriation) as a redemption). This was met with controversy as it was seen as an unpatriotic. Undoubtedly, was that reggae music played an integral role in the global spread of the Rastafarian movement? With the lyrics rooted in fighting  social and economic injustice. Bob Marley was one of the major contributors to the expansion of the faith. I found the book to be useful, particularly in debunking the myths of Rastafarian culture. Despite the fact that upon purchasing when I read the book covers in its entirety I was disappointed to Rastafarian which meant the book was about Rastafarianism, which as a Christian was not really intere sted. I wanted to purchase another book but financial strains would not allow me to. However I am glad that I read the book and would recommend it to students of Caribbean studies, anyone with an interest in culture and history. The Language of the book was a bit challenging; especially in the first chapter but as you continued reading it was read with more ease. Bibliography Gebert Paravisini Lizabeth Olmos, fernandez, Margarite,. Creole Religions of the Caribbean. New York: New york Press, 2003. Print. Niaah Jahlani, Macleod Erin. Let us start with Africa, Foundations of Rastafari Scholarship. Mona, Kingston, Jamaica: The University of the West Indies Press, 2013. Print. The Encyclopedia of Caribbean Religious. Vols. volume 2 M-L. n.d.

The Most Dangerous Game Essay

In the short story â€Å"The Most Dangerous Game† by Richard Connell, a man named Sanger Rainsford faces a conflict which is being stranded on what he thinks is a deserted island. This island was totally uninhabited with the exception of one man who lives there, General Zaroff. General Zaroff loves to hunt, but he hunts more than just animals. You see, General Zaroff got tired of hunting just animals, he claims it was too easy for him since he was such an outstanding hunter.He wanted more of a challenge. Rainsford finds out that General Zaroff has hunted humans before, therefore making him a murderer. One critic has remarked, â€Å"Ironically, General Zaroff’s belief in his invincibility weakens him and causes his defeat. † I agree with this critic for many different reasons. It is good to be smart and fearless when stuck in bad situation. It can help you get out of it quickly. However, I believe that having too much courage in these situations is not good, and n ot helpful.When you think you are invincible in scary situations, this can weaken you and cause you defeat. This is why I agree with the critic who said this statement about General Zaroff. For example, while talking to Rainsford, General Zaroff reveals how cocky he is about his hunting skills. General Zaroff says he believes that life is for the stronger and the weak people are put here to give the stronger pleasure. He also adds that he is strong and that he should use his gift.You can conclude from what Zaroff is saying that he should be allowed to hunt whomever and whatever he pleases, which includes humans. Having a gift of being an excellent hunter does not give you the right to hunt the more challenging creatures (humans). Because he has a talent, Zaroff thinks he should be able to use it. This is what makes him think he is invincible, when he really is not. He is not invincible because his cockiness led to his defeat. For example, Zaroff thinks that Rainsford commits suicide to end the game.Zaroff thinks this because he thinks anyone would end the game rather to be put to death by an excellent hunter like himself. Zaroff’s invincibility is the reason for his defeat by Rainsford in the game because Rainsford did not kill himself. He pretended to so he could fool the General. Rainsford then attacked Zaroff when he least expected it. In conclusion, General Zaroff’s belief in his cockiness and invincibility was the cause for his defeat. General Zaroff finally understands the feeling of being the prey for once – and not the predator!

Fluid mechanics Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Fluid mechanics - Assignment Example (1) Continuity Equation: from the consideration of mass conservation one can show that the net volume of fluid per unit time always remains constant as the fluid is incompressible (no variation in density), giving us where HL denotes the Head Lost due to fluid resistance, and all other symbols expressing usual meanings. While the first term is known as Static Head or Pressure Head, the second term is called Velocity Head; and the third term, denoting the Potential Head is zero in our case as the height of the axis at the inlet and outlet is same. In order to verify the basic laws of fluid dynamics, we have used a Venturi Tube or Venturimeter as described in the figure above. The fluid (water in our case) is allowed to flow in through the left-hand-side valve and it goes out through the right-hand-side valve of exactly equal cross-sectional area. In between these two extreme ends, there exists 9 other locations along the axis of the Tube where capillaries are inserted to measure the Pressure Head of the fluid flow from the height of the water in each tube. Thus, one can measure pressure at 11 different locations along the axis of the Venturimeter which is assumed to be the zero Potential Energy line for the fluid. As soon as the fluid flows through the Tube, the total time taken by it to cross-over the horizontal length of the Tube is also noted using a stopwatch, to calculate the Volumetric Flow Rate after determining the total volume of water collected. Besides, the height of the water in each of the 11 different capillary tubes is also measured and tabulated in Tables 1-3 below, for 3 different volumes of inflows. We observe here as well that there exists mismatch in the Total Energy. Since the Total Energy at the inflow valve was 0.2793 and that at the outflow valve was 0.2402, the Head Lost due to fluid resistance may be calculated as Another important observation needing special mentioning is that of Head Lost due to flow

How inmates cope with negative factors of prison life Research Paper

How inmates cope with negative factors of prison life - Research Paper Example Here, the convict is kept in isolation from all sources of the external world and all aspects that might have motivated his/here to commit the crime. Going by the unpleasantness seen in the prison life along with its negative social stigma that is associated with incarceration, prison life should serve in the form of a deterrent for any criminal behavior. Prison inmates can face both financial and social problems (Nilsson, 2003, p.59). Psychological symptoms can include prolonged psychosis, severe depression, endless anxiety, and a complete form of social withdrawal. One particular feature associated with prison life is recidivism (Nilsson, 2003, p.60). It has been stated that the group who re-offended faced marginalization ‘marginalization’, i.e., a continued form of social as well as financial exclusion, while the individual who did not re-offend experienced inclusion or ‘normalization’, that provided an improved living conditions and removal from being â €Å"the margins of society† (Nilsson, 2003, p.60). Thus, the thesis statement can be constructed as: Prison inmates develop different form of survival strategies to cope with the harsh conditions of incarceration. Negative impacts in the convicts due to prison life As mentioned earlier there are many psychological, physical and social effects that a life in prison can make on the prisoner. One such feature is the punishment of solitary confinement. The effects of solitary confinement can be understood by the words of Johnny Tremont who was an inmate at New York prison. According to him â€Å"there’s more of a difference between being in solitary confinement and being in general population than there is between being in prison and being in the free world.† In general population, he says, â€Å"you do your programming, go to meals, talk to people, and you can still manage to feel like a human being.† In the Box, â€Å"you’re like an animal in a cage .† (Casella and Ridgeway, 2012, p.20). Further it was stated by Bonnie Kerness, who was the head of the American Friends Service Committee’s Prison Watch Project, â€Å"We call it ‘no-touch torture,’†. â€Å"No one who has ever experienced more than the briefest time in solitary would call it anything else, because it was designed to destroy the mind and break the spirit.† (Casella and Ridgeway, 2012, p.20). This aspect of negative impacts becomes particularly harmful for the aged convicts and the female prisoners. The older inmates usually are found in worse health than the female counterparts who are not convicted as these convicted female individuals are seen to develop health related issues pretty much earlier of their previous lifestyle, the socioeconomic factors and the harshness of the prison environment (Deaton & Aday, 2009, p.53). Co-morbidity is a form of physical condition common among these aging prisoners who develop on an average three types of chronic diseases which can be asthma, emphysema or arthritis (Deaton & Aday, 2009, p.53). Older female inmates require medical attention more than the other inmate groups (Deaton & Aday, 2009, p .53). The older female inmates face difficulty in coping with the harsh prison environment as they have a fragile mental and physical condition (Deaton & Aday, 2009, p.61). Other women are found to be often sad, depressed or respond with crying unconditionally (Deaton & Aday, 2009, p.61).There was many negative sentiments in the female prison

Project proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Project proposal - Essay Example â€Å"In the hospitality field, not only are business transactions of the utmost importance, but so are concerns for public health and safety.† Due to the importance of practicing hospitality ethics, teaching of ethic philosophies should start right from the school. Even if philosophical lectures alone will not make students virtuous, however, they can help them think more clearly about day-to-day ethical problems with which they will be confronted in their future careers as ethical challenges remain a daily occurrence in the hospitality industry â€Å"The hospitality industry offers many examples of situations that can damage individual integrity and responsibility. One instance would be a manager's willingness to continue daily operations and preserve his job even as the resort is polluting the local environment.† Ethics should therefore extend beyond the hotel building to include the welfare of the society. â€Å"By focusing on you, your business, your products and services, your prices and your delivery, you can overcome the status quo and that is just plain good and ethical business practices.† To this end, business managers such as hotel managers should make hospitality ethics an all-inclusive concept that caters for areas such as prices, service delivery and manners. Research Rationale The way of doing business all over the world is fast changing. This change is seen more especially in the way businesses attract customers. Years past, competition in the hospitality industry for customers used to focus on who had the best facility and products. Today, the means of attracting customers seem to center more on marketing than product. As far as the hospitality industry is concerned, one of the best ways to market a business like a hotel is to embark on the massive application of hospitality ethics. Perhaps the reason why hospitality ethics seem to be receiving so much attention among customers in the hospitality industry is that ethics ar e founded based on human philosophies and theories. According to the World Lingo, â€Å"Hospitality theories and norms are derived through a critical analysis of hospitality practices, processes, and relationships; in various cultures and traditions; and throughout history. Ultimately, hospitality theories are applied, and put to practice in commercial and non-commercial settings.† This is to say that practicing simple ethics is so important to the customer that, the little gestures shown to him, can make him come back to the hotel – a real marketing strategy. Unlike before, the customer is now very conscious about how he is treated in which hotel. It is therefore not surprising that some customers select certain hotels even when they have the same facilities as other hotels and yet have expensive prices. This research seeks to examine the power of hospitality ethics on e customers of world class hotels. As a relation, there shall be critical analysis to find out if th e practice of hospitality ethics itself even has the power to raising a hotel to a world class status. This is research is achievable and because of the several avenues available to the researcher to access information from hotel users. There are also several theories that will guide the researcher in

America's Perception of American Italian Mafia Essay

America's Perception of American Italian Mafia - Essay Example These immigrants who come probably from different ethic backgrounds have been found to grow under strange circumstances that encouraged various schemes and scams. The sucker mentality is found in this people and that is why they engage in the organized crimes. A petty crime if it organized by a group of individuals can grow to become bigger if the individuals have continuity in forming a criminal organization. The chief goal of such criminal organizations is money. This criminal organization may come as a chain of many organizations. (Abadinsky, 2003) Consequently, such participants become mafia. These criminal organizations include burglary, car theft, street fangs, outflow motorcycle gangs, drug posses, and international drug cartels. It has been observed that less formal and simplex criminal networks aged by the Italian mafia do not necessarily end up in complex criminal organizations. In recent years some Italian-Americans have felt discriminated against in regard to their repres entation within the hierarchy of the American Catholic Church. They cite statistics to justify their contention that the Church has been biased in favor of Irish and Germans prelates to the exclusion of Italian-Americans. The basic perceptions of the Italian Americans who migrated to the US are perceived by the natives as gangsters who are basically associated with drug trafficking and prostitution among other crimes. The issue of illegal immigrants to the United States has been described as a major contribution to the high crime rate. This has elicited numerous reactions from various prominent people in the United State. There has been even a proposal for the deportation of the illegal immigrants back to their countries. (Rolle, 1968) There is a connection between the language and also the existence of the Italian Mafia. Since the official language used in America is English and as such they are not able to get office or formal jobs and as such they resolve in crime as a source of income. The Italian mafias are generally referred to as the thieves' in-law or professional thieves the code. This is a misconception that is associated with the Italians in the United States. However, there are other Italian Americans who are very instrumental in positive development by providing highly skilled labor in the various industries. A large number of Italians are perceived as criminals in the United States. For this reason the Italian American population was always on trial on the grounds of suspicion. (Iorizzio & Mondello, 1975) From a wider prospective the term Mafia can be understood to refer to organized criminal groups; clans that control politics and the economy in particular regions; corrupt government employees of recent years the term Mafia has been used to mean a person who controls particular goods and services. When the control is done to the detriment of the consumer to personal benefit then those controlling this are called Mafias. The Italian Americans have also been perceived as people who are driven by self interests so as to gain economic advantage. For this reason they have been know to use dubious means to gain this economic advantages. These thugs have international connections that enable then to achieve their objectives. These people have been known to pose a security risk to the

Management in Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words - 6

Management in Context - Essay Example romotion of trade liberalization (World Trade Organization, 2008), the modern business trend has gradually shifted from multinationalism to globalization. Globalization is â€Å"a process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments of different countries which is driven by international trade and investment through the use of information technology.† (The Levin Institute, 2008) In other words, the concept of globalization allows business people to maximize their available financial resources by taking advantage of the low-cost products and services that are readily available from developing countries. Because of the differences in monetary exchange rate, large-scale businesses from developed countries are able to purchase more homogenous products and highly competitive human resources at a much lesser price. Globalization theorists like Giddens (2000) and Waters (1995) suggest that globalization causes â€Å"social change†. Based on this theory, this study will examine the overall impact of globalization over the role and responsibilities of modern managers. discussed: (1) the need to implement and promote a strong cultural diversity within the business organization; (2) the shift from a traditional management style to the promotion of self-efficient employees; (3) the need to continuously update one’s own learning and promote organizational learning culture; (4) the shift from authoritative or transactional leadership style to transformational leadership style; and (5) importance of selecting the best motivational strategies. Globalization opens new business opportunities by increasing the size of potential markets for existing companies. However, globalization also increases pressure in market competition. For this reason, companies today are facing new business challenges not only within the domestic markets but in a global perspective. (Jain, 2003: p. 53) The tight competition within the domestic and international markets

Cogs in the great machine Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cogs in the great machine - Coursework Example The business became unbalanced as skilled workers were replaced by the unskilled immigrants during industrialization, pay decreased, workforce was downsized. The Conflict Theory is focused on the ways in which society is divided and unequal. The struggle for power and resources, force and domination lead to division and inequality according to this theory. By manipulating the Conflict Theory, the executives effectively took control, gaining power and resources within government. The executives divided themselves from their workers in favor of more money and provided low cost competition. Using force, they banded together and drove out smaller businesses, dominating the industry. There was a struggle for the American worker to maintain jobs. The skilled American worker was replaced with cheap unskilled immigrants who would work for less than satisfactory wages and work environment. The chapter discussed how the workforce within the meat packing industry was affected. Many jobs were lost as the industry downsized and removed the need for skilled labor. Pay was decreased and American citizens were replaced by cheaper unskilled immigrant labor. Workers wandered from one slaughterhouse to another, working short term due to poor working environments. The Interaction Theory is concerned with how society is experienced by those living within it.

Influential People Essay Example for Free

Influential People Essay In my life, I have had many various influential people, but I would have to say that my Mother has made the biggest impact of all. Most everything that I am today is a outcome of inspirations and instances I have established from my Mother. She has made so many different opportunities presented to me, without which I do not know where I would be. I find my Mother to be a very inspiring person; the reasons for this are infinite. My Mom has been through multiple hardships over the course of her life and throughout it all she has become an exceptionally strong, loving, and wise person. This fact alone amazes me and when compounded with the fact that my Mother, among it all, still manages to have a quick, clever, and upbeat sense of humor I am left fascinated. The things I have learned and continue to learn from my Mother are endless; she has taught me all of the founding principles of my life and for that I am eternally thankful. Though my Mother and I have many discussions on various subjects, within whom I learn many different things, I believe that many of the things I learn from her are discovered and observed from example. This summer would be an instance. Together, we faced many hardships that really pulled and tugged on our relationship. We worked through possibly one of the hardest things a mother could ever go through. It not only brought us closer together, but it made me realize how much she loves me, and how she is always going to be there for me. It is common knowledge that not everyone is perfect, even heroes, and in realizing this I know that I although I wish to be like my Mother in most ways I do not in all. This realization may be one of the most important things I have learned, my Mother has taught me to base my decisions in life not solely on the examples and actions of others but simply on what I gather and learn from the examples and actions of others. In other words, she has taught me not to follow blindly but to make my own decisions based on what I think is important. My relationship with my Mother is something that I treasure above everything else in my life. We are able to play and joke like young children and have serious in depth conversations on some of life hardest subject like mature adults. The various levels that my Mother can reach me on astound me and I think that it is what makes our relationship truly special and what makes her such a wonderful influence.

Captive Marine Animals Vs. Free Living Animals

Captive Marine Animals Vs. Free Living Animals Fie Lissner The pools that holds these glorious creatures can obviously not be compared to the space and water that an Orca can cover. A lot of marine mammals that is in captivity has to live under these premises. â€Å"The Humane Society of the United States believes that these animals should not be taken from the wild simply to entertain and amuse people, for a number of reasons† (Marine mammals in captivity 5/13). The life of the individual marine animal that is not living in the wild has nothing to do with the life it would’ve had if it were to live in the wild. Which is obvious when you think of the way that they’re living; the pools, the water, the ecosystem and basically everything in captivity has nothing on the wildlife that their ancestors had lived with back in time. â€Å"Dolphins are perfectly evolved to live and flourish in their wild ocean home, not within the confines of a human-made concrete tank or artificial lagoon.† (Marine animals in captivity) This quote points out how the animals are able to live an healthy life in the wild. The human race is taking advantage of the wild for our own amusement and there is something deeply wrong in this concept. â€Å"Life for captive whales, dolphins, and other marine mammals is nothing like a life in the ocean. It is almost impossible to maintain a family group in captivity, a tragedy for whales and dolphins. When you see marine mammals in tanks or pools, consider what they have lost in order to entertain us.† (Marine aqua parks). Most of the cons of having marine animals captive claims that we only have them for our entertainment and pure amusement so I see how it would be frustrating for biologist who have these animals for research and schooling purposes as well as for the people who are only trying to help the animal(s) by having them captive. There is of course marine animals living in the wild. The wild is the marine animals natural habitat and can as previously discussed not be compared with the captive life that a lot of marine mammals has. Some of the pros of the marine animals staying in their natural habitat is the obvious such as them growing up in the environment that their ancestors has been living in for decades upon decades. â€Å"Cetaceans eat a variety of fish and invertebrates; some species eat other marine mam There is a a lot of pros and cons of being a marine mammal in captivity as well as in the wild. Some of the pros is longer life expectancies, easier access to research on the given marine animal and the ability to get a better understanding of the marine animal and the animal will in most cases get the care needed. â€Å"Over 90 percent of the American public feels that zoos and aquariums are essential to education, are important to learning about animals† (The debate pro captivity 5/13). This quote tells that the pros of having marine animals in captivity isn’t only essential for some research but it can indeed increase the average students understanding for a certain animal. Reading about an animal can teach you a whole bunch of stuff but seeing the animal in real life can certainly beat any book. There is also a lot of cons to keeping marine animals in captivity. One of which is the fact that orcas or so called killer whales can swim about 100 miles in 24 hours, these creatures can also go deep underwater about 500 ft. to be exact (marine mammals in captivity mals.† (Captive vs. Wild 5/13). The marine animals will be able to find all these natural food sources in the wild and will naturally find their personal hunting technique. There is good and bad to everything and this accounts for the bad things about animals being in the wild as well â€Å"It is easy to see that in their own environments, little prevents such creatures from yielding to their natural impulses, as they should.†(Marvel at wild animals from a distance 5/13) This quote basically says that there isnt going to be a lot holding the animals living in the wild holding them back from potentially hurting each other and in some cases even kill each other. â€Å"Dolphins and other marine mammals are threatened by boat collisions and entrapment† (Commercial Fisher ies and Marine mammal 5/13) this quote supports the claim that one threat to the marine mammals are boats and boat collisions. Some 100.000 animals living in the water gets injured or killed by commercial fishing every year (Commercial Fishing and Marine mammals 5/13). But that is only some of the few risks of being a marine mammal living in the wild. My opinion on this is that having animals in captivity can be a very good thing but it certainly has major flaws which i think we should try and fix. We should only have animals in captivity for educational reasons and not for people’s amusement. â€Å"SeaWorld’s contributions to animal rescue and rehab only amount to .0006 percent of its profits.† (Grist 5/13). What is stated in the quote is why i am so against having animals in captivity. Sea world makes a ton of money every season and for them to only give 0.0006% of their annual income to rehabilitation and rescue of the marine animals is wrong. Just purely wrong. We should not use such amazing creatures for entertainment and not help them. I am very much against having animals of all sorts as well as marine mammals captive the only time it should be considered ‘okay’ to have any kind of animal captive is to rehabilitate them and help them if needed. â€Å"500 orcas, dolphins and other members o f the dolphin family held in captivity in the United States.† (Ten facts about captive orcas and dolphins 5/13). i strongly believe that most of the 500 marine animals being held captive around the U.S does not have a problem or an injury that holds them back from being set back into the wild. Almost every person with a soul is going to agree with my opinion that it is wrong to keep animals captive for our own amusement. â€Å"The more we learn about marine mammals, the more troubling it becomes to keep these complex, intelligent creatures in tanks and pens. It’s time to see the situation from the animals’ point of view and reconsider whether its right to confine them for our amusement†. (Marine mammals in captivity 5/13) It is also very saddening to see these creatures of the wild being held behind bars and knowing that they’re not where they’re supposed to be that they’re not home. But having the animals in captivity can not only hurt them mentally but also physically, the animal in captivity gets put under a whole lot of stress as well as pressure, this can affect all parts of the animal such as the immune system (captivity). Animals should not be held captive. Marine science work citing. â€Å"The Debate Pro-captivity† http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/whales/debate/procap.html â€Å"animals in the wild† http://cfhs.ca/wild/marine_mammals_in_captivity â€Å"Marine mammals in Captivity† http://www.humanesociety.org/issues/captive_marine/facts/marine_captivity.html â€Å"Marin aqua parks† http://www.humanesociety.org/issues/captive_marine/ â€Å"Wild vs. Captive† https://awionline.org/content/wild-vs-captivity â€Å"Marvel at wild animals from a distance† http://www.cnn.com/2010/OPINION/02/25/palmer.killer.whales.captivity/ Commercial Fisheries and Marine Mammals http://www.humanesociety.org/issues/fisheries/facts/fisheries_marine_mammals.html SeaWorld only spends 0.0006 percent of revenue on animal rescue and rehabilitation http://grist.org/list/seaworld-only-spends-0-0006-percent-of-revenue-on-animal-rescue-and-rehabilitation/ Marine animals in captivity. http://www.worldanimalprotection.us.org/our-work/animals-wild/marine-animals-captivity Ten facts about captive orcas and dolphins. http://www.bornfreeusa.org/facts.php?p=2688more=1 Marine mammals in captivity http://www.hsi.org/issues/captive_marine/ Captivity http://us.whales.org/wdc-in-action/captivity

Management Of People At Innodis Limited

Management Of People At Innodis Limited This report is an analysis of the management of people at Innodis, a company in Mauritius. We are trying to understand the functions of HR at different level within the organisation and essential how these functions are link to its overall strategy and mission and values. We will also address to how the company values its human capital to achieve its goals and at the same time ensure that the people are given career progression. Introduction We have chosen to do our assignment on Innodis simply because it is one of the most famous organizations in Mauritius. Innodis deals with consumer goods. At this time, Innodis has over of 1100 employees. The vision of Innodis is to continue to thrive as a business over the next ten years and beyond. Together with its strategic partners, Innodis has drawn a road-map to guides every aspect of its business by describing what the need to accomplish in order to continue achieving sustainable, quality and growth and thus become the preferred choice in all the market it operates. The mission statement of Innodis is the commitment to supply its customer and customers with the finest high- quality products and to lead the industry nutrition research and education. Innodis Ltd supports these goals with a corporate philosophy of adhering to the highest ethical conduct in all its business dealings, treatment of its employees, and social and environmental policies. At Innodis, they have their human resource department at the Head Office which is found in Port Louis. From there, they monitor the overall human resource operations by their human resource manager and with their administrative employees. Innodis has many branches and has a human resource officer and an assistant human resource officer at each branch. These human resource officers report to the human resource manager about everything dealing with employees. The fact that the company aims profit making, they make sure that the human resource operations go smoothly and do not impact on the quantitative results that is final output the qualitative results that are the outcomes. As ethics is an important part of the welfare of an organization, Innodis has the motto of ethics. However Innodis rather looks at the business case that is profit maximization. There is the intrusion of the trade unions concerning the welfare of employees. This is the reason why the company has to make sure that their employees are safe. Mission, Vision And Values Mission: To continuously work towards offering to our consumers selected products of the highest quality at affordable prices. Vision: To be the preferred choice in all markets that we operate. Values: To treasure the human capital and the personal development of all of our people indiscriminately of their position or social stratum. To comply strictly with food and environmental health and safety regulation and to continue to embrace sustainable development principle. Aspire to be the forerunners of innovation, especially when it comes to meeting consumer growing demand for healthier food alternatives. Innodis has been adhering to its mission and values closely and their has been considerable closing in on their vision. How Innodis has been staying focused on its vision will be discussed in this report progressively. Corporate Structure and Brief History Chairman: Sir Renà © Seevaye Kt. , CBE (Non Executive Director and founder of Innodis) Executive Director: Jean How Hong (CEO) Other Non-Executive Directors: Maurice de Marasse Enouf, Gil de Sornay. Innodis started as Mauritius Farms limited in 1973 as a family business for chicken production. In 1986, they became the exclusive supplier for the Laughing Cow from Fromageries Bel, France and some other Unilever products. They later changed their name in 1995 to Happy World Foods Limited and in 1996 they listed themselves on the Stock Exchange of Mauritius. They received their first ISO 9001 certification in 1999 and a second one later in 2009. They diversified in yoghurt production under their own brand name Dairyvale. They again changed their name to Innodis Limited in 2006. In 2010, they expanded to Nigeria and Vietnam in the consultancy and management business. People at Innodis Innodis has been a leader in Human Resource functions in Mauritius and in 2010 they were awarded the Employer Brand and were also highlighted as the Best People Management Practices. Innodis values its human capital very highly by encouraging free expression of idea and talent in diverse fields and is noticeably see to have very loyal employees who have been working with Innodis for over 20 years. This contribution of knowledge, skills and experience from loyal employees add up to create value for Innodis and therefore this overall factor becomes a fundamental competitive advantage for Innodis. (Refer to Exhibit 1, 2 and 3 for the types of training given at different management levels) Recruitment at Innodis Innodis stick to a simple concept of recruitment which is to obtain at minimum cost the number and quality of employees required to satisfy the human needs of the company. The recruiting functions also aims to: Obtain a pool of suitable candidates for vacant post. Use a generally accepted and fair process. Ensure that all recruitment activities contribute to company goals and a desirable corporate image. Conduct a recruitment activities in an efficient and cost-effective manner. Innodis recruitment is based on an Advertise-Appointment-Interview policy. Normally appointments must be made in accordance with this policy and must, therefore, be subject to advertisement and interview. However there are exceptions to the application of this policy when it comes to grant awarding bodies. The Human Resources Department must approve any exceptions in advance of formal appointment, for example where a grant awarding body approves funding for a named individual to work on a particular piece of research and the grant is dependent on that individuals contribution. Innodis has a very practical recruiting culture. They basically tap into the companys culture to obtain a steady source of job applicants. Basically it recruits people mostly by referrals from existent employees but this concept is mostly applied at bottom management levels. This constant supply of job applicants results in a pipeline approach for Innodis to obtain recruits at a very low cost and thus achieving its main objective to get employees at low cost. They always have many applications stored for various types of jobs. For middle management and top management levels, vacancies are mostly filled from internal sources by promotions and transfers. Innodis ensure that appropriate candidates have the required skills and knowledge in order to get promotions. Most employees at Innodis are given appropriate training opportunities in order to promote their own development. This is also a very important strengthening factor to the culture at Innodis as it forms part of their core values. Nevertheless, training is a long process and if Innodis need an urgent replacement at those management level they are compelled to look from external recruitment sources with are mostly through advertising. (Refer to Exhibit 1, 2 and 3 for the types of promotions given at different management levels) Selection at Innodis At Innodis, selection is on the basis of appropriate criteria and merit, a record of the process and decision is kept and the monitoring information returned to the HR Department. When a vacancy arises, consideration must be given to staff whose posts are being made redundant and for whom redeployment is being sought. The HR department takes into consideration that recruiting a redeployed can reduce both the time and the cost incurred in filling a vacancy. The basis of selection process is to collect maximum possible information about the candidates to ascertain their suitability for employment and it involves the following steps: Screening of information Selection Tests Interviews Checking of References Physical Examination Approval by Appropriate Authority Placement Ethics of Recruitment at Innodis While processing the applicants, the Heads of Departments at Innodis make their staff aware that when dealing with enquiries about vacancies it is unlawful to state or imply that applications from one sex or from a particular racial group would be preferred. Care is also considered when initiating contacts with applicants that all are treated in the same way, for example with regard to invitations to visit the department, informal meetings to discuss the vacancy, and provision of information. The confidentiality of applications must be respected by all of those involved in the selection process. The company ensures that it is willing and able to attend all interviews for the duration of the recruitment process, to maintain consistency and to ensure fair treatment of all candidates. Short listing decisions should be based on evidence that the applicant has met the requirements of the person specification. Short listing panel members should avoid dismissing applicants who appear to be over-qualified. At Innodis, staffs conducting interviews must be aware that, although questions asked may not in themselves be discriminatory, the interpretation of answers by the panel could exhibit prejudice. For example, if indications of ambition were to be regarded as a worthy characteristic in applicants of one sex or ethnic group but not in another. Information regarding personal circumstances which is found in a CV or at interview must not be taken into consideration in reaching a selection decision. For example, the fact that a male candidate shares details of his domestic circumstances with the panel but a female candidate chooses not to (or vice versa), should not be taken into account. Effective Induction at Innodis It has been seen that new employees often experience an induction crisis. The new working environment is often perceived by the new recruit as frightening. This can result in high labor turnover. Innodis tries to reduce uncertainty in the new employee by presenting them with lots of information concerning: History of organization Mission statement and objectives Company and personnel ethics Structure of organization Terms of employments Payment systems and benefits Holidays and sickness arrangements Rules and regulations of the organization Innodis find that it is important to show how a certain job is linked to the overall goals of a business unit and that of the organisation. The role of all individuals are linked to the vision and mission of Innodis. Individuals are shown their part in the whole mechanism of achieving the objectives of Innodis and through this they develop a sense of belongingness to Innodis by bringing around positive attitudes and increased motivations and performance. Training and Development It is in the core values of Innodis to treasure human capital and the development of their staffs indiscriminately. They provide a variety of trainings to employees based on their management hierarchy. These trainings mainly aim at increasing the job knowledge and skills of employees at different level that may lead to increased productivity, quality of work and work life. Innodis uses training as a platform to develop a positive culture to manage the process of change within the organisation. Employees are trained mostly for future promotions at Innodis, however, they also conduct training so that employees are able to cope with changes in design, process and technology in their actual position. Innodis has many ties up with several educational institutions, notably the University of Mauritius and the Industrial and Vocational Training Board (IVTB), where its employees can benefit from good quality trainings at competitive costs with some partners. The HR department does not have a fixed budget allocated to training as for now but past expenditure have been ranging from INR1500000 to INR 4000000. Different types are training are given to employees based on their current position at Innodis. (Refer to Exhibit 1, 2 and 3 for the types of training given at different management levels) Performance Management According to Armstrong and Baron (1998), performance management is both a strategic and an integrated approach to delivering successful results in organisations by improving the performance and developing the capabilities of teams and the individuals. At Innodis, the organizations values are defined. The vision statement communicates both the purpose and the values. Innodis Ltd supports its goals with a corporate philosophy of adhering to the highest ethical conduct in all its business dealings, treatment of its employees, social and environmental policies. Several ISO quality certifications and government awards attest to the commitment of Innodis of achieving its mission statement. They have also been driving innovative and healthier product to the Mauritian market and are the actual leaders in those areas. Performance Appraisal Performance appraisal is the actual process of evaluation of the work of employees and aims at analyzing the gap between actual performance and the expected performance. It is a systematic and formal method of staff assessment. Performance appraisal also involves providing feedback to the employees with the aim of motivating that person to eliminate performance deficiencies at par. At Innodis the performance appraisal is different for jobs at different management levels. Different assessment methods will differentiate between past and present performance based on skills improvement and knowledge gain. Some benefits of Performance Appraisal at Innodis are : Performance appraisal helps in identifying problems at Innodis, which the staff may raise regarding their work environment. For instance, they may have lack of space to perform their work. The workers may feel that they are not well equipped as they have insufficient and outdated equipments. Therefore, by identifying these issues earlier through performance appraisal, the organization may overcome losses that might have occurred. It identifies potential problems with individual staff members and takes actions to deal with those problems. For example, it analyses the poor performances of the employees as well as their absenteeism and lack of motivation among them. Through performance appraisal, these individualistic problems are considered and corrective measures are taken at Innodis Ltd. Performance appraisal also identifies future training needs within the company. This is done so that the employees skills are improved. It is therefore planned systematically in order to promote the organizations products. It equally identifies those members of staff who are suitable for promotion and career progression. Human Resource Policies at Innodis associated to Performance Appraisal Some of the overall policies that are linked with performance appraisal are as follows: Equity As performance appraisals aim is to provide opportunities to managers and the subordinates similarly, equity is about treating its employees fairly as well as providing them with equal opportunities to perform tasks. Considerations, working conditions and quality of working life Performance appraisal also considers employees work-situation, security, working environment, safety related to equipments, their performances according to their work performed and the career prospects that they can have. In the same way, the consideration, working environment and the quality of working life according to the policies are such that they look at individual circumstances, its prospects, security, and employees self-respect and a pleasant working environment. It as well looks at the improvement of the quality of working life continuously and it increases a sense of satisfaction for the employees. Performance through people Performance appraisal is all about rating employees performance and identifying problems that can become obstacles in their jobs. Similarly, performance through people is such that it develops a fair culture in the sense that it leads to a continuous improvement. Reward Management At Innodis Limited, the reward system is both financial and non-financial which are considered at the end of its financial year in July. There are intrinsic rewards like basic pay, employee benefits and compensation and extrinsic rewards like feedback, recognition, praise, promotion to higher position. As a private company, it also provides merit pay to reinforce the performance trend. The pay structure of the company is essential for quality performance and competitiveness and also recruiting and retaining a good labour force. At Innodis, the reward system is consistent and a key driver for both the human resource operations and the company strategy. At managerial level, the employers have the provision for fringe benefits and allowances such as company car its allowances or company health dividends while the lower level workers are granted with their basic pay and transport facilities. There also the merit pay which helps in performance which reinforces the culture in the organisation. Also there is increment in pay based on the number of years worked in the company. This is why the pay structure at Innodis Limited, are specifically used as tool in bringing innovation and change to the human resource operations which also establishes a corporate reputation in dealing with people. (Refer to Exhibit 1, 2 and 3 for the types of rewards given at different management levels) A well designed HR policy can be beneficial to Innodis as it ensures employees understand their responsibilities and how they should deal with various situations. It also provides a framework to help managers resolve problems fairly and consistently. Reward Procedures The annual pay review of the annual report of Innodis Limited enables its reward system to operate efficiently and flexible. It has enabled much commitment and innovation in the company. The policies and procedures are regularly reviewed by assistant managers at Innodis Limited which tends to be very helpful for the organisations decision-making or if ever to give one months notice of any policy change. At Innodis, there are guidelines for decision making which sets the levels of pay as opposed to competitors rates. There are formalised policy being used in training and induction of new applicants. Equity and proper working conditions are also implemented to have equal opportunities and impact upon productivity when dealing with people. Standards policies has been set at Innodis Ltd as it is essential in dealing with people matters, inculcating values and provide framework within which decisions are being made. Being a private organisation, it facilitates empowerment and delegation through corporate culture. Conflict in the Human Resource Contribution No matter the human resource operations contribute to the effectiveness of the organisation, there are conflicts that may arise in the following ways: A clash of values where the line managers simply regard their workers as factors of production to be exploited and dispensed within accordance with organizational imperatives Different priorities which involve getting rid of people. It should be noted that employees are an important asset for an organization. Disputes may arise out of the interference of trade unions. Conflict can be creative if an integrative approach is used to settle clarifying priorities, policies and roles, using agreed procedures to deal with grievances and disputes and achieving consensus through a solution that recognizes the interests of both parties. If these conflicts can be dealt with, Innodis can become more productive and the welfare of its employees will improve much more and this will result in employees` commitment and thus the goals and objectives can be easily achieved. Conclusion To conclude, managing people in an organisation whether it is of large size or small size is very important since human resource operations help the organisation to attain its goals and objectives if they are well integrated and carry out. They help in the day to day running of the organisation and they are very important. If human resource operations are well carried out in an organisation, they will help in ensuring that there is a good relationship between employees and the management as the employees will be well taken care of. At Innodis, they have developed a very strategic approach at every step in HR operations and at every turn, they strengthen their organisational culture and commitment to their mission and values. Exhibit 1 Below is an example of a job description for a top management position at Innodis together with some information with prospective trainings, performance appraisal and potential rewards associated to that job. Job Title: Director of Administration Purpose: A director of administration manages the overall daily office operations. Implement organisational strategies and policies, plan the use of materials and human resources and manage the administrative staff. Responsibilities: Negotiates contracts, manages vendor relationships, primary liaison to building landlord and oversees office operating procedures. Qualifications: For a director of administration position typically consist of a bachelors degree in business administration or other related field and at least 10 years of experience. Skills: This position may also require additional skills such as the ability to identify and implement best practices, work independently, think strategically, plan for the long-term success. Salary(Approximate): INR 120000+ /month Potential Training Areas: MBA programs at the University of Mauritius, Courses in Resources Management, Diplomas in Statistics and Economics. Innodis offers some training to its top management staffs in fields where they are most likely to expand. Recently they have had much interest in expanding beyond the Mauritian shores and are looking forward to develop talents in international business laws and cross border business coordination. These courses are limited in numbers and usually are very expensive and are mostly proposed to long term employees and those who have some knowledge and experience in related positions. For example the master level courses at the University of Mauritius ranges from INR150000 to INR400000 The effectiveness of such training are usually measured in the form of new mechanisms brought in by the individuals in the organisation to improve existing systems. Better management and operations would have a direct impact on the turnover on several business units that a top manager would have influence on. People at these level are generally rewarded with company cars and drivers and depending on their ef fectiveness end of year bonuses are given. However, in some cases, shares are given to top level employees in the strategic aim to retain their loyalty to the company. Exhibit 2 Below is an example of a job description for a Sales Manager at Innodis together with some information with prospective trainings, performance appraisal and potential rewards associated to that job. Job Title: Sales Manager Purpose: Develops and maintains a high performance sales culture within the branch and is responsible for staff management functions.The Sales Manager pursues sales excellence, works to achieve shareholder/stakeholder benefit and to increase the long-term value of the business by maintaining high levels of individual and team performance. Responsibilities: Personally develop and maintain relationships with key customers and prospective customers across the branch/location market area. Maintain a strong understanding of the market trends across the branch/location market area, including the competition. Promote a positive and professional sales attitude.Report daily, weekly, monthly and quarterly activities and sales results, using the companys standardized processes and tools. Qualifications: 5-7 years of experience in sales management. Strong understanding of customer and market dynamics and requirements. Willingness to travel and work in a global team of professionals. Proven leadership and ability to drive sales teams. Skills: Selecting and developing the right people. Motivating people. Communication. Integrity Salary(Approximate): INR 80000+ /month Potential Training Areas: Diploma in Marketing, Certification courses in retailing. Sales managers are key positions within Innodis because much of their business depends on good customer relationships and retailing. Sales managers are generally given highly competitive salaries. A key factor that enhances their recruitment chances at Innodis are their team leading and management skills and also past sales records. Most people at middle management levels are those who were once part of the bottom management and were promoted. They already possess an idea of the organisation cultures and goals and therefore their integration to their new positions are rendered easier. Innodis provides middle management people with training for mainly two reason. One is to sharpen their skills in appropriate and prospective domains and second is to prepare them for promotions. However, the promotion from a middle management to a top management require the candidate to have a good performance record over several year and normally takes a long time. Employees may begin to feel the stagn ancy at this level and Innodis tried to counter that effect with a good reward system for them. They, in most cases, benefit from good commission on sales and flexible holidays and work days, company cars and some reduced tariffs at some of companys facilities. At the middle management, the performance is generally measured as a team performance. That is, the overall productivity change of a sales team for example would reflect the performance of the responsible sales manager. Increase in new accounts, sales turnover and decreased sales expenses are some of the key performance areas. Exhibit 3 Job Title: Sales Representative Purpose: Sales Representative should attend day to day routine activities related to selling and maintain good relationship with current and prospective customers. Responsibilities: Sell products to customers and potential customers and maintain a database with their purchases and be able to renew inventories. Qualifications: Must to have above 21, Standard 10 + 2 with emphasis on some courses like marketing, promotions, communications and finance. Skills: Sales Representative should be confident, energetic, organised and resilient. They need to possess strong written and verbal communication skills, and be experts in customer service. Sales officers should also own at least a basic understanding of maths, as they often deal with prices, deals and commissions. Salary(Approximate): INR 50000+ /month Potential Training Areas: Vocational courses related to marketing and negotiation, Seminars for teamwork techniques and new technologies. At the bottom levels, most recruit are brought in through referrals from existing employees. They submit their application forms and are usually short listed according to their past experiences and communication skills. The induction work needs to be done here because the new recruits are still to adapt to a new environment and know the culture of the organisation. They are provided with an on the job training period for their new job among existing employees from which they usually learn from the experience of others and take advantage of tips from more experienced individuals. Most employees undergo training when there are changes in design, processes or technology in their present jobs. Employees showing potential and good performance in terms of high sales records, good customer feedbacks and low absenteeism are given additional training in diverse fields to increase their skills and knowledge. For example, more technical knowledge of some products are imparted to some sales representative who are interested. Job rotation is also a crucial aspect which prepares an individual for promotion after some time. Employees at this level are usually provided transport facilities to and from the work place and usually have varied incentives. Sales representatives are given reduced tariffs on certain company products and also benefit from refundable medical bills to a certain amount. Loyalty of long term employees are rewarded by company awards and occasional gifts. At retirement, such employees are given some shares in the company together with a severance package.

Change in Life from Antebellum to the New Deal Essay -- essays researc

Modern America can be considered one of the world’s economic and industrial leaders. This didn’t happen instantaneously. It was a long process that took centuries to occur from when America was first colonized by England. America started slow and far behind England and other European countries in the technology race but a diverse culture and the work ethic of American people all helped to push this country forward. From antebellum America in the 19th century, to the Progressive Era in the late 19th century and early 20th century, and finally to the New Deal period in the 20th century, many changes occurred as millions of people lives were affected greatly during this time. Throughout these eras in U.S. history, there was a general improvement in the lives of most Americans from the progression of economic life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the antebellum period, the United States was a predominantly pre-industrial society. There were very few factories open at this time. Most of the factory workers were from rural and village cultures. These jobs usually required no skill or knowledge and were quite simple to learn. Working conditions in factories were at its worst with extremely low pay, long workdays, and dangerous conditions. Most workers remained as farmers and artisans. They devoted their lives to their work and were skilled at their jobs. Artisans usually worked closely with agrarians to make different products. Farmers worked the fields, growing crops and raising livestock. Their work would occasionally become easier from new tools made by artisans. Women during this time were housewives. They were doing everything at home. They took care of the children, the house, and the food for the family. Sometimes, life demanded that they work the fields with their husbands. Most women did not have jobs outside the home but a small number did work outside in factory jobs. There was a great influx of immigrants at this time. Many of them worked at factories, usually taking the lowest paying positions available. Their different cultures and work habits often caused many problems because they were not accustomed to the American customs. Most of the immigrants chose to settle in American cities, where most jobs were located. As a result, the cities became extremely crowded. Housing in cities became a major problem from the large number of immigrants. Most ... ...evel administrative positions due to various New Deal agencies and programs. Not many reform programs were intended for women. Most of their benefits came indirectly from programs targeted at men. From the three eras of America, antebellum, Progressive, and New Deal, there seems to be a general increase in quality of life in the workplace and outside. Although there were also many inhumane things that happened, such as the growth of monopolies which prevented many small businesses to fail, the overall improvement of life is still evident. From the antebellum period, when Americans were having trouble finding jobs and many jobs were taken by immigrants, to the New Deal, when Americans have their rights protected and secured by the government, the quality of life has improved. Especially through the efforts of the Progressives and their reforms and Roosevelt and his New Deal, the American worker has never had more security in their life than ever before. Because of the security of their jobs and wages, the number of people that can live relatively comfortably have increased since the last 19th century. Therefore, in general, most people did improve their lives during these perio ds.

The Chrysalids Joseph Strorm Character Sketch Essay -- essays research

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Written by John Wyndham, The Chrysalids tells the reader about Joseph and his life, which revolves around religion. Joseph, as the reader learns, is an extremely religious, authoritive, and temper mental man. As the story progresses, Joseph’s character traits begin to show more and more. Joseph’s character traits become more prominent, and Joseph begins to choose his religion over his family. Towards the end of the novel we learn that Joseph is out to kill two of his children. Joseph is a man with many problems, which would get the best of him in the end.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Living in Waknuk makes it extremely easy to be controlled by your religion. Joseph was a very religious man towards his family and the community. In the community of Waknuk Joseph was considered the â€Å"Head Priest† of his religious group. Each time a deviation was notified Joseph would quickly stop everything he was doing to pray for forgiveness. Stopping everything to pray for forgiveness is a big thing considering that the deviations were not his. This shows that he does not want God or his religion to look down on himself. Lastly, Joseph is always trying to do his best because he believes God is always testing them. He shows that he does not want to upset God in any way. All of these examples show how religious Joseph truly is. Joseph Strorm was a devoted and completely reliant man upon his religion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As being the leader in Waknuk, it ...

Human Lifespan Development Essay

Age: Zach went to prison in his early 20’s or 30’s. He spent 17 years in prison. Normally at the age of 43 he should be in a reliable relationship, working to ensure that he gets A good income to support his lifestyle, being able to live independently also with a stable mind set. At the age of 43 years old this age span is in the lifespan of adulthood it allows you to define yourself in terms of your career life style and ability to provide for your family. In his career lifestyle Zach should at least of been working to achieve an high job position such as assistant manager or manager this will increase Zach’s income which will allow him to have a better lifestyle. However Zach went prison in his 20’s or 30’s he lost the advantages of achieving goals he could of gained during that period of his lifespan in prison. His self-concept could be effected as he came out of prison and realises that all his opportunity he had is gone, no career for him to achieve any skills but as Zach is 43 years old he still has the chance to start his life again and go get an education for him to gain more of an knowledge. Gender: In this society today women tend to get less pay then men, they we’re also excluded from certain jobs. Women had to fight for their rights to vote in the past, but now women can vote and they have nearly all the rights that a man has. Some countries don’t value women as much as some other countries that might value a women’s rights. However Zach is a male and should be providing for his family & himself. Males are seen as the main gender that has the leadership of providing & keeping their family safe. Therefore Zach should be providing for his family, however he spent 17 years in prison which effected him negatively on his self-concept as he wouldn’t see himself as a man because he hadn’t have the chance to create a family & provide for them. Emotion health and well-being: a lot of people have different ways of dealing with situations & will know how to control their feelings. As Zach suffered with a difficult childhood by abuse & violence, this caused him to grow up full of anger, injustice and bitterness. He often found it difficult to control these feelings which led him to committing offences. Zach had an emotional life style this will emotional effected his self-esteem & self-concept he could lack confidence within his-self. Abuse: As people go through different types of abuse some people are different with handling abuse and may become more strong & others may be weaker and struggle to deal with it. There are several ways of people can be abused; physical, sexual, emotional, non verbally & verbally everyone’s been through one these at one point in life. Dealing with abuse can build up anger in a person or can become isolated from others & begin to hide their emotions with others. As Zach was growing up his childhood was difficult as he was suffering with abuse. Zach could of been getting abused by his family members, as any of his family members could of been getting abused from their childhood aswell so this could cause the family to have a history of an abusive past and could continue it within the future generation. Zach being abused has caused an negative effect on his self-concept by physically being abused that makes feel insecure about his which makes him have an low self-esteem. Relationship: Some relationships would be an positive effect on people’s self-concept as the couple are stable with each other & allow them to develop, they become more comfortable and more emotionally mature with each other. Sometimes with others their relationship could have an negative effect on their self-concept as it could be unstable and untrustworthy which causes a person to cheat within a relationship. Before Zach went prison he was in a relationship he had physical abused someone for starring at his girlfriend, this shows that Zach’s insecure and is easily jealous when it involves his girlfriend. Environment: Zach was brought up in a negative environment which made him feel not valued as an person by him feeling like this he then started to development a negative state of mind allowing himself to begin doing negative things in his childhood stage of life. In the childhood stage of life children should be surrounded by positive people & things but not all families can ensure that their kids can be brought up with an positive lifestyle as the family could of been through a lot of negative situation within their childhood. Socialisation: Everyone needs to socialise as it allows them to communicate with others and for them to go out to places to socialise. However Zach’s socialistion was effected negatively by his emotions from being abused as a child were being a barrier to his social life as he couldn’t trust anyone.

The Money Transfer Service – Competition in the global market

In any given market a healthy business is one that looks for a strategy that will give it a competitive advantage over the rest of the players in the industry. This is key in penetrating the market and ensuring that it stays a notch above the others in the delivery of a good or service to its clientele. In many cases competition is quite healthy, as articulated below with regard to the wars between Coke and Pepsi Companies in the United States: The warfare must be perceived as a continuing battle without blood. Without Coke, Pepsi would have a tough time being an original and lively competitor. The more successful they are, the sharper we have to be. If the Coca-cola company didn’t exist, we’d pray for someone to invent them. And on the other side of the fence, am sure the folks at Coke would say that nothing contributes as much to the present day success of the Coca Cola Company than†¦ Pepsi. All types of businesses, however small they are, have had competition in one way or another. A mama mboga business will definitely have competition from the neighbours selling the product. At the beginning there might seem to be none, but over time the competition emerges. Historical Background. The traditional electronic money transfer services include but not limited to the following: †¢Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) service offered by banks, where funds take one day to be transferred to the recipient. †¢Real Time Gross Service (RTGS) – here funds are transferred between banks within a span of two hours upon the instructions being issued by a client. This is a much faster approach than the EFT module, serving as a big boost mainly to business people who need to seal deals faster. †¢Telegraphic Transfers (TTs) – this relates to the sending of funds from one country to another, and takes approximately four working hours. †¢Money Orders. These methods listed above require that one operates a bank account something considered a luxury in many parts of the developing countries. Likewise in Kenya this proves a challenge especially for the people in the rural areas and the informal settlements. As mentioned above, this listing is not conclusive as there are other known conventional means of sending money that include the following: †¢Western Union Money Transfer Service †¢Money Gram Money Transfer Service These two are phenomenon in sending of funds globally. Mobile Money Transfer Service No one ever envisaged that some day it would be possible to send funds using mobile phones. However Kenya has now been introduced to the world arena as a result of pioneering the mobile money transfer service, Safaricom synonymous with the m-pesa product. The mobile money transfer refers to the movement of money from one destination to another by use of the mobile phone as a means of transfer. In essence this refers to translocation of e-money from one point to another without the involvement of physical translocation. The journey of mobile money transfer began in the early years of 2000, with the launching of Sokotele by the then Celtel mobile company. The service enabled one to send funds via mobile, where the transaction was initiated through a financial institution to the recipient’s mobile. The recipient then would walk to a branch of the financial institution and be paid. The m-pesa product worked on the same module but enhanced the same, by putting the power of money transfers in the hands of the cellphone owner. This meant the bank link was removed from the equation, with the people dealing with each other through agents spread all over the country including the remote rural areas. The invention of the money transfer service has seen all the mobile companies in Kenya running the service, not ready to be left behind by the competitors. The facility is now spreading fast to other countries globally, albeit under different names. Competition The invention of the mobile money transfer has brought about a revolution in the financial sector, affecting the forms of funds transfer as mentioned above. This is slowly permeating the global scene, with Kenya serving as the home of mobile money transfer. The new product has great implications on the financial sector, both positive and negative. Banks have since taking advantage of this technology to bring on board clientele that have adopted mobile money transfer. They have relied on this platform to introduce mobile banking to their clients, empowering them to have their bank accounts in their hands whereby they can withdraw funds from their accounts by use of the mobile phones and vice versa. On the downside of it, a greater portion of the population is now saving their money on the mobile money transfer facilities. The facility seems to be growing fast into an e-bank, which affects the deposits that are traditionally found in banks. This has seen banks aggressively move to the public in search of deposits, thereby giving large interest rates n the deposits, contrary to the past where interest rates paid on deposits by banks were very low. The diversity of added provides on the main mobile money transfer service is making completion tight on banks. The adoption of M-Shwari encourages clients to save with the intention of borrowing, with the collateral being the savings as opposed to known collaterals such as land title deeds. The use of Western Union and Money Gram locally has declined due to the convenience of M-pesa, Airtel Money, Yu Cash and Orange Money in Kenya. With the spread of these facilities across the world (e. g. Airtel money in many African countries and India). With reduced demand for the formally established products, some of the providers have opted to partner with the money transfer service providers in order to tap into the great technology e. g. Western Union partnered with Safaricom, whereby funds can be send from overseas direct to one’s phone in Kenya. The money transfer service has also seen the introduction for card transfer services such as Nation Hela, whereby money can be dent from abroad direct to one’s visa card, with a notification direct to the recipient’s phone. Currently payment of a number of bills is made direct from the phone as opposed to going to queuing to make payments e. g. electricity bills, water bills etc. Conclusion Kenya is fast becoming home to a number of world accredited money transfer services that are equally spreading across the globe. These are expected to bring about intense but healthy competition on the financial front. These great innovations shall force financial institutions to rethink their strategies find the best way to take competitive advantage.

They Say I Say

Tardiness in Schools [Name of the writer] [Name of the institution] Table of Contents Chapter 13 Introduction3 Problem of the Study3 Research Hypothesis and Questions4 Significance of the Study4 Scope and Delimitation5 Chapter 26 Related Literature6 Research paradigm7 Definition of Terms8 Chapter 39 Research Design9 Procedure9 Population9 Description of Subjects9 Instrumentation10 Statistical Treatment10 References11 Chapter 1 Introduction The behaviors of the student have a negative impact not only on the learning education system but on the nation too.The students who bunk for the school for a short or large part of the day called tardiness or the entire of the day called truancy not only harm academic failure, but give to the rising number of students who negatively impact the standing of the educational system as well as nation. The negative effect not only influence schools by deterring educational leaders from effectiveness and helpful educational plan with stability and exclus ive of information breaks for the students, but also puts requirements on society to determine how they will help students and their families with emotional and social requirements.This study explored the medical, economic, social, emotional and psychological causes for the tardiness of student in a middle school background (Leigh & Lust 2008). Tardiness of student is an important aspect in measuring if the student will become at threat. Without interference, tardiness behaviors of students regularly result in severe emotional and social issues. There is consideration that a major number of students of middle school are misplaced by school, demonstrating up late, and going outside from school during school timings for a diversity of educational, emotional, and social causes.Problem of the Study The problem statement of the study is to explore the connection between the school and work tardiness in students of middle school. School workers, school staffs, parents, and personals who o bserve this information will have an enhanced understanding of tardiness of school, associated school deviant actions, and punctuality in a middle school setting. Research Hypothesis and Questions Truancy, frequent nonattendance, and Tardiness behaviors are important forecasters of the students turning to be at hazard.These in danger students, in accordance of the reports, become engaged in delinquent behaviors to have a negative impact on not only these students themselves, but also on the society, educational system and nation as well. Questions The research questions are: Â ·What seems to be the basic reasons of extreme tardiness behaviors? Â ·How do these students of middle school elaborate repeated tardy behavior? Â ·What effect does staff of school consider the tardiness on student behavior? Why? Â ·What types of behaviors direct to tardiness? Why? Â ·What are the connections of severe tardiness? What sorts and types of programs seem to be successful for use in treating t he problem of increased tardiness? Significance of the Study The issue has significance for the educationalist, suffering families who are concerned in consideration why various students are persistently miss, and late for the school and how educationalists can have a constructive pressure on the students, they are accountable for and take them into class on time. The study on tardiness of the student is one of the important elements in knowing early on a child who might turn out to be at risk.Such endangered students are creating the option to come up to school late or do not mention it owing to the conditions and behaviors they have discovered themselves in, whether by option or an effect of situation. These behaviors students and are adversely influencing the schools of nation, and the students are endangered for reducing out of school. Scope and Delimitation Scope The study is about the number of students concentrate school late after an event with parents. These adverse connect ions with parents can regularly become customary for families, ensuing in the student gathering supplementary tardy days all through the school year.The hazard with these kinds of connections with parents is that students turn out to be usually tardy all through their childhood. Delimitation 1. The outcomes are surrounded to the students in the rural area school. 2. Not all local workers of school contributed in the research. 3. Not all students participating selected to be in the research. 4. The student sampling is moderately homogenous. Chapter 2 Related Literature Edgier (2007) stressed the adverse impact of tardiness by defining that the students have to be present and involved to learn.Perceptive the causes that pupils are late for school, the activities associated with this occurrence, and the force it has on students’ education and expansion is vital owing to the pessimistic consequences that effect from students who are lost class time. Tardy students are probable to turn out to be middle school withdrawals; consign irrelevant crimes; or develop into Student truancy, common student non-attendance, and tardiness carry on to be a main problem confronting American educational structure.In tackling the dilemma of truancy, it is showed what the middle schools system is performing to fight tardiness and truancy in the middle schools. The study affirmed that the concern of student tardiness is one of the primary symptoms of a student turning to be a student who is endangered. Researchers are supported to observe truancy and are confronted to identify truancy more widely, permitting researchers to deal with the obstacle students practice by gone all or a number of the school day. Scott (2010) defined the actions one-school system executed to decrease tardiness.A helper principal in fact visits a home of the student if such student does not arrive to school on time. The management concentrates not only on the student’s behavior who come to late s chool but also on his parents who do not observe no matter which wrong with their children arriving to school late. One of the most annoying concerns in contemporary’s schools is tardiness?. Students practice a harmful effect when the students become tardy. Tardiness not only influences the pupil who is tardy, but also has an influence on the school surroundings, teachers, and further students, as well as the school all together (Leigh & Lust 2008).Instructional time and force are pessimistically impacted by the students who become late; these students can turn out to be engaged in delinquent manners in unverified areas of the school. In this condition, there is chance for hostility, harassment, damage, and misbehavior. These types of behaviors can take over into the class and additional influence the learning setting. Extensive tardiness is a symbol that there is a main dilemma-taking place with the child at the instant or in the history.One of the main notions that instruct ed this research and given imminent into processes schools can take to control student tardiness was got from Ekstrom Goertz Pollack & Rock (2006)’ work on the morals of care. Formerly this significant association has been created, the cares will better appreciate and be better prepared to sustain, help, and direct the persons they are educating. Research paradigm While there is vast research on school tardiness and absence, no research in the literature review assessed the direct connection between students and tardiness behavior in middle school.The main purpose of this study is to gather quantitative data to observe if school tardiness can forecast the tardiness. The secondary objectives are to a) contrast the tardiness, absence and GPA records of the students to the middle school student sampling, b) resolve if the students at diverse are parallel to each other, c) observe if chosen demographics force school tardiness and unnecessary nonattendance, d) inspect the connecti on of school tardiness and unnecessary nonattendance in the middle school population. Definition of TermsTardy/Tardiness: Be late for whichever quantifiable duration of time passed the affirmed or planned start time for school. Truant: A usual truant ways a student who is not present from school devoid of a satisfactory reason for element or all of five or more days on which school is owned throughout a school section. Unexcused absence: Not presence or demonstrating up for class as also not gets a suitable rationale as elaborated by the school for the nonattendance, for example funeral, illness, vacation, or accepted school action. Chapter 3 Research Design This is the experimental study employing control and experimental factions to assess one of the purposes. Tardiness, unnecessary nonattendance and GPA information from middle school students are contrasted to the similar variables for the enduring middle school population. Procedure Information gathered on the middle school samp ling and the subgroup of students will be assessed. Successive results, outline, conclusions and recommendations will be merged with suitable workers of the school in the study.Population The population researched was middle students who concentrate a rural middle school in south-central Wisconsin. The school area faces presently over 500 square miles and gives somewhat more than 2,000 pupils from 4 years old throughout middle school. Description of Subjects At the time the research will begin, they had a full amount of 44 students. All 44-student students from the enduring four students are accepting letters calling them to contribute in the study.Instrumentation To test a hypothesis SPSS will be used in this regard in which excel and SPSS software’s are to be used. Statistical Treatment The students were raised to offer time records from March 30 to June 7, which was the previous week of the year of school. Uncertain nonattendance and tardiness concerns have a direct effect on schools and serve up as early on caution signs to researcher that there is a dilemma in the life of child. References Ediger, M. (2007).School Dropouts, Absenteeism, and Tardiness, Counseling. Ekstrom, Ruth, Goertz, M. , Pollack, J. , & Rock, D. (2006). Who Drops Out of High School and Why? Findings from a National Study. Teachers College Record Volume 87 Number 3, pp 356-373. Leigh, J. P. , & Lust, J. (2008). Determinants of employee Tardiness. Work and Occupations: An International Sociological Journal, 15(1), 78-95. Scott, C. A. (2010). Junior high school tardy lock out (RC017912). Florida: Nova University.